Ordinal Position and Substance Abuse Literature Review

Ordinal position and substance abuse: Literature review The idea that birth order affects personality is not a new one in psychological literature. The assumption that birth order and character are interrelated has become part of the common assumptions therapists bring to their relationships with clients. For example, one study of 308 clinicians found that upon offering the same profile of a prototypical client, with only the birth order changed in the profile, once the client was viewed as exemplifying a particular birth order, clinicians prognostic ratings differed according to the clients birth order (Alan 2004). The deep and abiding nature of the conviction that birth order inexorably affects ones development dates back to Alfred Adler, who was one of the first theorists to classify human personality into types based upon birth order. In terms of Adlerian typology, the firstborn child is frequently depicted as a leader and dominant personality who adheres to rules and established protocol, as one who enjoys structure and is more responsible (Alan 2004). They are also thought to achieve greater academic and professional success and to have higher self-esteem. Parents tend to have higher expectations of the older child than they do of younger siblings. These expectations are often accompanied by investment of more parental time and attention in socializing the firstborn (Kulik 2004). According to Adler, some firstborn children never recover from theShow MoreRelatedCriminal Behavior Conditioning3515 Words   |  15 PagesLochman, Coie, Greenberg, 2004; Lochman Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, 1995). But an important factor to note, is that they begin to parallel influence/cause during his/her adolescent years of delinquency. It is not enough to simply review statistics or parental accounts because it ma y confuse anyone trying to identify the two types of offenders (Moffitt, Caspi, Dickson, Silva, Stanton, 1996). Since Dr. Moffitt first standardized her developmental theory, she also brought forthRead MoreInformation Technology Implementation Issues: an Analysis45771 Words   |  184 Pages.................................................. page(s) 1-15 †¢ Research Questions †¢ Problem Statement †¢ Purpose of Study †¢ Description of Issues †¢ Significance of Study Chapter 2: Literature Review....................................................... page(s) 16-51 Section I †¢ General Background Literature Management Information Systems MIS in the Public Sector Information Technologies and Local Government Section II †¢ Planning and Information Technology †¢ Procurement and Information TechnologyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagesin journals like BJET. It is essential that we distinguish between the work that has been carried out by others and the work and the writing that is due to our original efforts. Most research projects will start with a comprehensive study of the literature to determine what has been found in the past, and it is that foundation that will inform the subsequent work. It is quite likely that, in order to make the argument for the paper, you will need to quote from the work of others. However, you mustRead MoreOperational Risk Management50825 Words   |  204 Pagesoperational risk and, for example, does not include fraud, model or serial risks (legal risk). The risk that debtors are unable to meet their obligations or that their credit rating deteriorates. The risk that adverse market movements reduce the value of positions held. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, A New Capital Adequacy Framework: Consultative Document, 1999 (â€Å"CP 1†). 8 1 Causes and Definition of Operational Risk In January 2001, the Basel Committee narrowed down these other risks8 byRead MoreAn Impact Assessment of Science and Technology Policy on National Development of Nigeria61708 Words   |  247 Pagesindustrialization and development. It is in recognition of these observations that the study attempted to assess the impact of science and technology policy on national development of Nigeria. To carry out the assessment study, extensive literature review was carried out which formed the background knowledge to the study as well as provided the necessary input to the discussion of the findings from the study. The data generated from interviews and questionnaires were analyzed using quantitative